INTRODUCTION

The full-time course leading to the award of an M.A. in Baroque Studies offers the opportunity to study the History and Conservation of the Baroque European Heritage in all its major dimensions. Candidates are expected to attend lectures organized in nine (9) study-units and compile a dissertation of not less that 20000 and not more than 25000 words including footnotes but excluding bibliography and appendices.

PART I OF THE COURSE: LECTURES

Code    Title of Study-Unit                                Credits

BST 401 AN INTRODUCTION TO BAROQUE EUROPE
             Political, Religious, Intellectual and Scientific 
             Scenario                                                       4

Aims  The Political Scenario

This course of fourteen one hour lectures takes a comparative approach to the phenomenon of change in seventeenth century Europe. It will endeavour to answer the question: To what extent, and in what ways, was crisis the major driving force behind the process of the structural transformation of European States in the course of the seventeenth century? An attempt will be made to arrive at a working definition of crisis. This will be followed by a general survey of the social, economic, and political structures and the religious institutions and beliefs in early seventeenth century Europe. Within this general framework, the following themes will be addressed: The genesis of the general crisis thesis; a discussion of the views of the two proponents of the thesis; Eric Hobsbawm (for the social and economic crisis) and Hugh Trevor Roper (for the political crisis); subsequent interpretations, which elaborated or modified the original thesis; critics of the thesis; how the different European States reacted to the crisis; the outcome of the crisis; the end of the seventeenth century. The course ends with a seminar on the applicability of the crisis thesis to Malta, then ruled by the Hospitaller Knights of St. John the Baptist.
 

The Religious Scenario

This course offers students the opportunity to study in detail one of the most significant movements in Baroque Europe - the revitalization of Roman Catholicism, especially in the period following the opening of the Council of Trent (1545). It is subdivided into three major themes, covering respectively (1) the period from the late fifteenth century to the appearance on the scene of Martin Luther, during which reform efforts within the Catholic Church either failed or were unavoidably delayed; (2) the siege mentality behind the Catholic Church's reactionary movement to counter the Protestant 'contagion', employing, in the process, repressive methods such as the Inquisition, the Index of prohibited books, etc.; and (3) the confident implementation of the massive programme of Tridentine reform, particularly in relation to the conduct of the clergy, ecclesiastical discipline, religious education, and world wide missionary activity. At this stage, the Catholic reform movement was greatly stimulated by the reformation of the older religious orders and the established of new ones (such as the Jesuits). As it is impossible to cover all the countries of the Catholic world in equal detail, the course will focus on particular problems, looking at specific countries for examples to illustrate particular points. The course ends with a seminar on the Catholic Reformation in the cultural and political history of Baroque Europe.

The Intellectual Scenario

There is a general agreement that the great divide in the history of Western Philosophy occurred in synchrony with the beginning of the Baroque Age, but is it meaningful to contrast 'Classical' with 'Baroque' Philosophy?. The second expression unlike the first would probably have been regarded as strange until very recently; but now it is being increasingly recognised that style is just as important in philosophy as it is in literature for the characterization of the work of an author. In this study-unit, the styles of the great Baroque philosophers of the seventeenth century will be examined in relation to their message and in comparison with those of the great artists who were their contemporaries.

Lecture Titles

1.     Applying the term 'Baroque' in Philosophy 
2.     Descartes; Dreaming Theorems
3.     Hobbes: The Shiver of Fear
4.     Leibniz: Ecumenical Folding
5.     Spinoza: Mystical Geometry
6.     Pascal: Playing with Fragments
7.     From Dialogue through Autobiography to Aphorism

The Scientific Scenario

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, science underwent a radical upheaval. Greek science was first equalled and then superseded. Well established Aristotelian ideas were criticized and replaced by alternative scientific theories. Scientist-philosophers proposed a new method of doing science that led to a new understanding of physical phenomena. The main aim of this study-unit is to discuss the Scientific Revolution and to attempt to relate the paradigm shift in science to the contemporary Baroque movement.

Lecture Titles

1.     Defining the Scientific Revolution
2.     The Greek legacy in cosmology and the natural science-1
3.     The Greek legacy in cosmology and the natural science-2
4.     Science in the Renaissance
5.     Corpernicus: Revolutionary science in an old guise.
6.     Copernicus: The implications of Copernican theory and 
         its influences.
7.     Tycho Brahe, Hohannes Kepler and the new Astronomy-1
8.     Tycho Brahe, Hohannes Kepler and the new Astronomy-2
9.     Galileo Galilei: Realism and the physical sciences
10.   Galileo Galilei: Science and religion
11.   Descartes, Bacon and the scientific method
12.   Isaac Newton: The great synthesis and the beginning of
          the classical physics
13.   Optics and the theory of colour.
14.   Science and technology of the seventeenth century.

Duration of each lecture: 1 to 2 hours
Assessments: Test
Co-Ordinators:  Victor Mallia Milanes
                       Peter Serracino Inglott
                       Frank Ventura

Code    Title of Study-Unit                               Credits

BST 402   THE BAROQUE ROUTE I: Fortification Building,
              City Planning and Landscape Design                2

Aims

The aim of this study-unit is to provide the participants of the post graduate course with an overall idea of the two most important and obvious physical environment relationships that governed the Baroque life style in seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe. The first of these was the dialogue that was created between well planned military defences and the setting out of towns, now dramatized with increasing skill and finesse in Italy and other European countries, where frequent wars or the threat of them produced an outstanding generation of military engineers and city planners of immense influence and prodigious output. The second relationship concerned the equally dramatic dialogue that was after 1600 created between splendid Baroque palaces and man-made landscapes, now expressed in the form of carefully planned and maintained gardens and garden furniture. The Versailles experiment and the two contradictory concepts of landscape design resulting from a need to create a garden of geometric form which would relate to the new urban order and the need to create a garden which would simply be a demarcated area for organic natural growth will be examined in the context of landscape designs in several countries focusing on Italy, France and England. In view of the great importance attached to fortification building in Baroque Europe, this as a reflection of a ruthless political machine and a refined military practice, the study unit attaches great importance to contemporary attack and defense methods, presented as the ultimate raison d'être of a new urban order and as the result of research carried out by such great military engineers as Alghisi, Speckle, Bar le-Duc, Sardi, Floriani, Pagan, Coehoorn, Blondel, Vauban and others. The conclusive lecture will examine in depth some dream cities which were conceived but never built by the flower of Europe's Baroque aristocracy stationed in Malta, as the ultimate defensive outpost of European Catholicism against the Grand Turk.

Lecture Titles

1.     Origins and underlying concepts
2.     The Theory and Practice of Baroque Military Architecture 
          1
3.     The Theory and Practice of Baroque Military Architecture
          2
4.     The Theory and Practice of Baroque Military Architecture 
          3
5.     The Theory and Practice of Baroque Military Architecture 
          4
6.     City Planning in Rome 1
7.     City Planning in Rome 2
8.     Baroque Landscape Design 1: The Italian experience
9.     Baroque Landscape Design 2: The Versailles experiment
10.   Baroque Landscape Design 3: Austria, Germany, Holland,
         England and Spain.
11.   Fortification Building and City Planning in Sicily before 
         the 1693 earthquake
12.   Fortification Building and City Planning in Sicily after the 
         1693 earthquake
13.   Fortification Building, City Planning and Landscape 
          Design in Baroque Malta.
14.   Dream Cities of Baroque Malta.

Duration of each lecture - 2 hours
Assessment: Course-work and Test
Co-ordinator: Denis De Lucca

Code   Title of Study-Unit                             Credits

BST 403  THE BAROQUE ROUTE 2: Architecture           2

Aims

The objective of the study-unit is to provide the course participants with a detailed picture of architectural developments in seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe, with a focus on Italy and the role of the Roman art school known as the Accademia di San Luca, described by Louis XIV Le Roi Soleil of France as 'the fount and teacher of the many famous artists who have appeared in this century'. Within this perspective, the role of the major architects of Baroque Europe shall be discussed, with reference not only to their major contributions to the Baroque urban and rural landscapes of different countries but also to their fields of operation dominated by contemporary politics, out-door spectacles and theatrical displays. The final three lectures of the course will specifically deal with the contrast between the Spanish dominated Sicilian scenario and the Roman dominated Maltese scene, examined within the context of buildings erected before and after the great earthquake of 1693. In the course of this study-unit, students will be asked to explore in depth the four underlying principles of European Baroque architecture namely the desire for Spatial Investigation, Concentration on Collective Values, Integration of all the arts and Communicative Force, as these were applicable to the principal urban settings of the great capital cities of Europe, particularly Rome.

Lecture Titles

1.     The origins and underlying concepts of Baroque 
          Architecture
2.     Early Baroque Architecture in Rome and other Italian 
          cities.
3.     High Baroque Architecture in Rome 1
4.     High Baroque Architecture in Rome 2
5.     Late Baroque Architecture in Rome
6.     Developments in Turin, Florence, Bologna, Venice and 
          Naples.
7.     Baroque Architectural Theory: The Role of the 
          Accademia di San Luca
8.     Baroque Architecture in France.
9.     Baroque Architecture in Austria and Eastern Europe
10.   Baroque Architecture in Northern Europe
11.   Baroque Architecture in Spain, Portugal and Latin
         America.
12.   The Sicilian Scenario.
13.   Baroque Architecture in Malta: The seventeenth century.
14.   Baroque Architecture in Malta: The eighteenth century.

Duration of each lecture: 2 hours
Assessment: Course work and Test.
Co-ordinator: Denis De Lucca
 

Code    Title of Study-Unit                              Credits

BST 404  THE BAROQUE ROUTE 3: Sculpture                2

Aims

Renaissance sculpture was supposed to awaken an almost objective admiration of the beauty or perfection of what was being represented. In the beginning of the Baroque period, sculptors started exploring a new relationship between the observer and the sculptural work, which as a result was transformed into a means of activating architectural and urban space. Considered in the perspective, the lectures in this study-unit focus on the major characteristics and development of sculpture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The main emphasis will be on Rome which during this period consolidated its position as the artistic centre of the world. The first fourteen lectures of this unit are meant to provide the necessary tools for a critical art historical appreciation of the major sculptural productions of the Roman High Baroque. They specifically focus on the overwhelming influence of Gianlorenzo Bernini and will discuss trends in High Baroque Sculpture, patronage patterns, and the other important sculptors in Rome. The remaining lectures of this unit will discuss the principal exponents and stylistic characteristics of Late Baroque Sculpture in Rome. They will also discuss apprenticeship methods and academy training by drawing particular comparisons between the bottega systems, the Accademia di San Luca and the French Academy in Rome.

Lecture Titles

1.     The Art Historical Context 1:   The break from Mannerist 
         Traditions
2.     The Art Historical Context 2:   The conditioning influence
          of the Catholic Counter Reformation
3.     Artistic Patronage 1.
4.     Artistic Patronage 2.
5.     The concept of the Total Work of Art: Painting, Sculpture
         and Architecture 1.
6.     The concept of the Total Work of Art: Painting, Sculpture
         and Architecture 2.
7.     Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Scipione Borghese
8.     Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Maffeo Barberini 1
9.     Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Maffeo Barberini 2
10.   Alessandro Algardi and High Baroque Classicism I
11.   Alessandro Algardi and High Baroque Classicism 2.
12.   The Historic Career of Melchiorre Gafa' 1
13.   The Historic Career of Melchiorre Gafa' 2
14.   The Papal Monuments in St. Peter's I
15.   The Papal Monuments in St. Peter's 2
16.   Sculptural altarpieces 1
17.   Sculptural altarpieces 2
18.   The Civic Monument
19.   Bernini and Studio production
20.   From High to Late Baroque
21.   The Accademia di San Luca
22.   A more academic approach
23.   The French Academy in Rome
24.   The Florentine and North Italian scenario
25.   Roman Baroque Sculpture for the Order of Malta 1
26.   Roman Baroque Sculpture for the Order of Malta 2
27.   Roman Baroque Sculpture for the Order of Malta 3
28.   Trends in mid-eighteenth century sculpture.

Duration of each lecture - 1 hour
Assessment: Test
Co-ordinator: Keith Sciberras

Code   Title of Study-Unit                             Credits

BST 405  THE BAROQUE ROUTE 4: Painting                 2

Aims

The lectures in this study-unit are classified into two groups respectively concerned with early Baroque Painting in Italy, France and Northern Europe and late Baroque achievements in the later seventeenth and centuries focusing on Italy and Spain. The first group of lectures are to provide the necessary tools for a critical appreciation of Baroque Art History covering the major pictorial production in the early seventeenth century with particular emphasis on the Roman school. Early Baroque naturalism and classicism and the great fresco-cycles of High Baroque painting are discussed in depth. The second group of lectures focus on one of the happiest periods in European Art History with special but not exclusive emphasis on the Italian and Spanish scenarios. In this course of lectures, patronage patterns and the increasingly important role played by the Academies will be critically assessed.

Lecture Titles

Early Baroque Painting

1.     The Artistic background.
2.     Caravaggio
3.     The Lesson of Caravaggio
4.     The Carracci family
5.     The Bolognese Painters 1
6.     The Bolognese Painters 2
7.     Nicholas Poussin 1
8.     Nicholas Poussin 2
9.     Claude Lorrain
10.   The Great Roman Fresco-Cycles 1
11.   The Great Roman Fresco-Cycles 2
12.   Rubens and Northern Europe 1
13    Rubens and Northern Europe 2
14.   The French experience.

Baroque Painting in the Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

1.     The Artistic background
2.     Patronage Patterns and Network
3.     The Art and Liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church 1
4.     The Art and Liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church 2
5.     Classicism and Academism 1
6.     Classicism and Academism 2
7.     The Roman experience
8.     Northern Italy
9.     Naples and South Italy 1
10.   Naples and South Italy 2
11.   The Spanish School of Seville: Velasqez, Zurbaran and
          Murillo 1 
12.   The Spanish School of Seville: Velasqez, Zurbaran and 
          Murillo 2
13.   The Spanish School of Seville: Velasqez, Zurbaran and 
          Murillo 3

14.   The Maltese scenario.

Duration of each lecture - 1 hours
Assessment: Course work and test
Co-ordinator - Mario Buhagiar

Code      Title of Study-Unit                          Credits

BST 406     THE BAROQUE THEATRE                           1

Aims

Theatre was the high expression of the Baroque age, a form that embraced plays, opera, ballet, feasts, religious ritual, street theatre. Supporting this rich world of awe and magic were the scenography, music, lighting, machines, costumes and other integral aspects without which the Baroque theatre could not exist. During the period under study theatre buildings evolved at rapid pace and this set the typology for the theatre that survives to the present day, almost untouched. Yet theatre was not just theatre buildings. There was theatre at court, in the festivals, the ceremonies, the etiquette. Theatre permeated every area of life and influenced every aspect of Baroque thinking and being. At no other time was life in general so obsessed with the theatre. The notion of Baroque theatre developed from the Renaissance interpretation of humanist notions, where the genres were mixed indiscriminately, into a more structured concepts.  These genres now became more fixed and distinct, while the accent was increasingly on spectacularity.  This course will look at the development of Baroque theatre, the importance of the accompanying music, the musical instruments of the age, the plays and ingenious scenography as well as the diffusion of theatrical forms in Europe and their impact. 

Lecture Titles

1.     An Introduction to Baroque music
2.     The Baroque Opera
3.     The contribution of Bach
4.     Baroque Musical Instruments
5.     The development of the Baroque Theatre
6.     The concept of Baroque Theatrical Space
7.     The Manoel Theatre in Valletta.
8.     Baroque Theatrical Scenography
9.     The Baroque Feast
10.   Outdoor Feasts in Malta.
11.   Plays
12.   The Ritualisation of Religion.
13.   The Impact of Baroque across Europe
14.   Architectural Scenography.

Duration of each lecture - 1 hour
Assessment - Test
Co-ordinator - Annabel Vassallo
 

Code   Title of Study-Unit                           Credits

BST 407   BAROQUE LITERATURE                             1

Aims

In his introduction to the catalogue of the XIII Council of Europe art exhibition held in Malta in 1970, Prof Raffaello Causa wrote that 'Malta had been for a certain period the nerve centre of the highest intellectual influences in Europe'. It is therefore fitting that this study-unit dealing with Baroque literature would give an insight to students about the golden age of European literature, primarily focused on seventeenth century achievements in this field of learning in Italy. In this respect the works of Giambattista Marino and Gabriello Chiabrera will be analysed in depth as will be Italian Baroque theatrical performances centred around the Commedia dell'Arte, Melodrama and Tragedy. The contents of study-unit will also cover literary achievements in England, France, Spain and Malta, focusing on the so called La Tentation baroque which affected French poetry and drama between 1570 and 1650.

Lecture Titles

1.    Convergency and divergency between Classical and 
         Baroque literature
2.    The main aspects of Italian Baroque literature.
3.    The contribution of Giambattista Marino and Gabriello
        Chiabrera
4.    The Italian 'Commedia dell'Arte'
5.    The influence of the Society of Jesus.
6.    English, French and Spanish Baroque literature.
7.    The Maltese experience.

Duration of each lecture - 2 hours 
Assessment - Test 
Co-ordinator - Joseph Eynaud.
 

Code   Title of Study-Unit                              Credits

BST 408 THE CONSERVATION OF THE BAROQUE HERITAGE 1:
             Conservation Philosophy                               2

Aims

This study unit deals with the concept of restoration and its development over the ages with particular reference to Baroque Heritage. It will first consider the way society perceived this heritage over the ages and will examine different types of interventions carried out prior to the development of a proper restoration theory.  These interventions usually took this form of innovations, demolitions or transformations.  The study unit will then deal with the way restoration practice developed in different countries, focusing on the development of stylistic restoration in France and its influence in other countries.  The main protagonist discussed in relation to this theme is Viollet le Duc and other contemporaries in France, mainly Ludovic Vitet and Prosper Merimee.  Another important movement in the field of restoration practice was the anti-restoration movement that developed in England, influenced by the writings of John Ruskin and others.  This resulted in the idea of conservation as opposed to restoration, a controversy which is discussed in the study-unit in connection with the safeguarding of the Baroque Heritage in Europe.  A discussion on the main theories and concepts that were developed in the 20th century will follow, the main personalities discussed being Alois Riegl and Cesare Brandi both of whom considerably influenced modern attitudes towards restoration.
The study unit will also discuss International charters and conventions, including the Athens Charter, the Venice Charter, the Burra Charter, the UNESCO convention, European Cultural Convention, the Convention for the Protection of the Architectural heritage of Europe and the European Convention on offences relation to Cultural Property.  The local scene will also be discussed, this including on debate on the roles of the Antiquities Act and the Structure Plan in conserving the Baroque Heritage of Malta.  A seminar on the draft for new legislation that will be among other things dealing with the Baroque cultural heritage will be organised in this connection.

The concluding lectures of the study-unit will deal with an introduction to stratification and how it is applied to Baroque buildings.  Within a building different stratigraphical diagram for the dating of the different parts of the building.  Lectures on this theme will focus on the fact that stratigraphy cannot be studied independently but must be examined in relation to storiography, so as to enable us to read a 'document' in more detail.  This final part of the study-unit will be supplemented by a number of practical sessions dealing with the conservation of various Baroque buildings in Malta and Sicily, this including a tour to the Baroque centres of Catania and Noto in S.E. Sicily.

Lecture Titles

1.    The problem of terminology. Restoration or conservation 
       of Baroque Buildings as used by the different cultures.
2.    Early concepts on history and the Baroque cultural
       heritage.
3.    The development of restoration in France. The impact of
       Voillet-le-Duc and his contemporaries on the approach
       of restoration.
4.    The development of restoration in England. The theories
       followed by Gilbert Scott, William Morris and John
       Ruskin and the anti-restoration movement.
5.    The development of restoration in Italy. The approaches
       adopted by Boito, Beltrami and Giovannoni.
6.    Alois Reigl and his theory of values.
7.    The modern theory of restoration by Cesare Brandi and
       its applicability to Baroque buildings
8.    The main protagonists of the philosophy of restoration
       upheld in the 20th century.
9.    The importance of the Athens Charter, the Venice Charter
       and other major charters.
10.  International conventions adopted by UNESCO and the
      Council of Europe and their legal implications.
11.  The legal situation in Malta regarding cultural heritage
      with particular reference to the conservation of Baroque 
      buildings.
12.  An introduction to stratification in relation to
      archaeology.
      Stratification as applied to elevations of Baroque 
      buildings and buildings as a whole. 
13.  The different stratigraphical relations that exist within a
      Baroque building and the stratigraphical diagram.
14.  How to actually date a Baroque building via the
      stratigraphical diagrams and the relation between
      stratigraphy and storiography. The stratigraphical
      interpretation and documentation.

Duration of each lecture - 2 hours
Assessment : Coursework and Test
Co-ordinator: Shirley Cefai

Code    Title of Study-Unit                            Credits

BST 409  THE CONSERVATION OF THE BAROQUE HERITAGE 2:
               Conservation and Recording Techniques.    2

Aims

The aims of this study unit is to develop and strengthen the postgraduate's ability to analyze, synthesize, and resolve three dimensional problems within the framework of conservation ethics. Lectures, followed by site visits to workshops, and construction sites are aimed at introducing the student to the technical problems of the conservation of Baroque architecture. Lectures will be delivered within  five main points of reference, namely:

Materials

The aim of these lectures are to provide a clear background, with a detailed chemical and physical analysis, of the main building materials used in Baroque buildings, and how their strengths and weaknesses can be understood and used to advantage.

Building Analysis

The aim of these lectures is to provide a clear background of how materials and design philosophies were integrated to produce buildings, which fulfilled structural, environmental, and aesthetic necessities.

Deterioration Mechanisms

The aim of these lectures is to provide an understanding of how materials age and decay act and interact, with an emphasis on the cause, and the deterioration mechanism rather than the symptoms of the aging process.
 

Recording Baroque Buildings

The aim of these lectures is to provide an introduction as to the purpose of recording a historic building, the techniques that exist for doing it, and who may be the best people to undertake it, and the actual procedures that may conveniently be followed.

Conservation Intervention

Using knowledge gained during the course of above mentioned lectures, the aim of these lectures is to create an awareness, and outline the philosophy behind methods aimed at slowing the aging process, and of repair, 'concerning Baroque buildings

Course participants are expected to assimilate the information provided during the lectures, and explore and substantiate lines of thought and decisions during seminars and discussions, and above all be objective in sifting contradictory information and opinions on the subject, and come to a reasoned decision.

Lecture Titles

1.  The Use of Stone in Baroque Architecture 1

The geological composition of stone (Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rocks).

The physical characteristics of stone.

The local scenario, with respect to the geological formation of hardstone (Upper and Lower Coralline Limestone), and globigerina limestone, and the characteristics of inferior quality stone.

2.  The Use of Stone in Baroque Architecture 2

Local quarrying principles and techniques.

Properties, and production of local and imported limes. (Portland cements, Hydraulic Lime, Unslaked Lime, Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime Putty).

Site Visits to a quarry and lime kiln.

3.  Timber and Metals

Timber: Characteristics and production processes of hardwoods and sapwoods.
 

Ferrous metals: Characteristics and production processes of cast iron, wrought iron, and rolled iron.

Bronze: Characteristics and production processes of bronze (sand and lost wax techniques).

4.  The Aesthetics of Baroque Buildings

An introduction to schools of architecture.

Analysis of architectural relationships.

Analysis of the Classical Orders with reference to a specific Baroque building.

5.  Treatises on Baroque Architectural Design and
       Construction Techniques

To provide an insight into major background treatises (Vitruvius, Vignola, Alberti, Palladio, Serlio, Francesco Giorgi, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, etc..)

6.  Stereotomy and Masonry Construction Principles

An insight into the detailing of masonry elements to fulfil aesthetic and structural necessities.

Mathematical and geometrical analysis of common elements used in Baroque architecture.

7.  The Deterioration of Baroque Stone buildings 1: The
       Physical and Chemical Aspects

An analysis of the deterioration of the stone fabric through physical and chemical phenomena (erosion, direct human action, geological phenomena, water, salts, pollution, marine environment, etc.)

8.  The Deterioration of Baroque Stone Buildings 2: The
        Chemical and Biological Aspects

An analysis of the deterioration of the stone fabric through chemical and biological action (moss, lichens, trees, etc.)

9.  Deterioration of Timber and Metals

An analysis of the conditions for timber deterioration.

An outline of timber deterioration mechanisms.

The deterioration of metals in Baroque structures.
 

10.  Recording Techniques

Historical research.

Surveying and drawing techniques.

Rectified photography.

Photogrammetry.

11.  Chemical and Physical Analysis

An insight into the methodology and interpretation of chemical analysis on masonry structures (humidity, salt contents etc..)

An insight into the methodology and interpretation of physical analysis on masonry structures (use of endoscopes, tell tale gauges, thermal photography, compressive strengths, etc..)

12.  Intervening on Baroque Building Fabrics 1

Addressing the problem of stone deterioration (stone replacement, plastic repairs, sacrificial layers, etc..)

Addressing the problem of humidity, and the implications of such measures.

13.  Intervening on Baroque Building Fabrics 2

Addressing the problem of stone cleaning (nebular systems, blasting, polticing etc.)

Use of new materials and innovative techniques (consolidates, concrete and metal reinforcements, etc.)

14.  Intervening on Metals and Timbers

Addressing the problem of fungus in timbers.

Addressing the problem of insect attack on timbers.

Addressing the problem of deterioration of ferrous and non ferrous elements in Baroque architecture.

Duration of each lecture - 2 hours 
Assessment - Coursework and test.
Co-ordinator - Hermann Bonnici
 

PART 2 OF THE COURSE: DISSERTATION

Each student reading for the degree shall be required to propose, within four months of commencement of the course, a particular topic for his/her dissertation; the topic should fall within the field of one or more of the above mentioned study-units.

12 credits